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pentagon acquisition reform

REFORMING DoD

3/2/2023

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Biden's Military Budget: Better Never Than Late
Bad Idea: Looking for Easy Solutions for PPBE Reform
The means by which the Department of Defense decides how to spend its budget has long been criticized as needlessly complex and incapable of helping policymakers choose among investments to meet strategic goals. Seeking solutions, Congress created the Commission on PPBE Reform in the 2022 defense policy bill. But the reforms the system needs may not be as obvious as they seem. 
​Read more »
Fixing America’s Defense Budget
Defense Budget Transparency and the Cost of Military Capability
Matching Defense Budget to Strategy
Reagan Would Be Gobsmacked
What to Watch for in the Defense 2024 Budget Release
Beyond Monopsony: Pentagon Reform in the Information Age
For Better Defense Spending, Split the Pentagon’s Budget into Two
The Military Pays for Beltway Budgetary Brinkmanship
The Paradox of Scarcity in a Defense Budget of Largesse
Breaking the Cycle of Incremental Acquisition Reform,
Turkey's More Independent Foreign Policy, with Christopher Preble, Melanie Marlowe, and Aaron Stein
Fixing America’s Defense Budget
By Elaine McCusker, RealClearDefense: “As Congress prepares to review the fiscal year 2024 federal budget request, new opportunities are emerging that can provide for America’s defense while still prioritizing cost saving and fiscal responsibility."
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WAR ON THE ROCKS:  ACQUISITION REFORM ARCHIVE 2023

2/9/2023

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TRENDS IN GEOPOLITICS
​WAR AFTER UKRAINE- WOR
The 10 Most Widely Read Middle East Forum Articles of 2022
News from the Middle East Forum

https://www.meforum.org/64050/top-ten-middle-east-forum-articles-of-2022
Expert Commentary on the 2022 National Security Strategy
Colin Dueck | National Institute for Public Policy
The 2022 National Security Strategy is problematic. A better approach would begin by clarifying vital US national interests in plain English, laying out threats to those interests, and then describing the necessary policies to follow.

Full Story
Here We Go Again: Take Defense off the Table.
Give Legacy Weapons a New Lease on Life
Mackenzie Eaglen | AEIdeas
Looking Back at President Biden’s Foreign Policy
Summer 2022 Issue
THE MILITARY BALANCE 2023
GLOBAL DEFENSE SPENDING 2023
Bizarro Supply-Side Economics
Notwithstanding the rhetoric of White House officials, the Democratic Party continues to subsidize demand and constrain supply.
Mercenary Shocks: What the War in Ukraine Will Eventually Mean for Africa,
  • WINEP’s Eric Feely: The State of the Union and the Middle East
WOR:  ARCHIVE 2023
WOR:  RE-WRITING ACQUISITION
Report Finds Imbalance Between Defense Strategies, Industrial Base Capacity
By Mikayla Easley, National Defense Magazine: "U.S. national security policies and financial investments are not aligned to support the defense industrial base’s need to support great power competition, according to a new report released Feb. 8."
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Defense Primer:  U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces
From Congressional Research Service: "The United States has reaffirmed the value of the nuclear triad. The Obama Administration noted, in the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), that the unique characteristics of each leg of the triad were important to the goal of maintaining strategic stability at reduced numbers of warheads."
What’s Behind Proposed Changes to US Marine Deployments in Okinawa?
By Christopher Edward Carroll, The Diplomat: " Japan and the U.S. are actively taking note of changes in China’s naval and air capabilities in the region and making changes of their own."
Extended Deterrence, and Adjusting for the Multipolar Environment:
The Way Forward

By Michaela Dodge, National Institute for Public Policy: "The United States is facing new challenges in trying to assure allies and deter revisionist adversaries, most notably Russia, China, and North Korea."
The US Military Is in Decline. Cutting Defense Spending Would Be a Disaster.
Mackenzie Eaglen | 19fortyfive.com
As House Republicans continue to bandy about a major cut to the US military’s budget next year, Mackenzie Eaglen asks: Why would they arbitrarily pick a top-line budget number that is not threat-informed? Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) seems to think that returning budgets to 2022 levels is simply going back to “what we were spending just two or three weeks ago.” No. Returning to 2022 spending levels for 2024 is much more than a $75 billion cut for the US military. Once more accurate inflation data are available, it will be clear that the House GOP is proposing a defense cut well north of $100 billion. The result of this shortsighted and unserious proposal would be nearly immediate and create a much less capable force. Read more here. >>
12 Problems Harming Defense Innovation
William C. Greenwalt | AEIdeas
As the US wrestles with a rapidly changing security environment, creating new military capabilities to counter growing threats is essential. William C. Greenwalt shows that defense leaders are being forced to relearn that one cannot just turn on a spigot and obtain weapons on demand. Industrial base constraints reliably manifest themselves in multiyear lead times, which Americans are seeing today in the effort to replace munitions used in Ukraine. The quandary, however, is much greater than just reconstituting peacetime stocks of existing systems. Any impending conflict, or perhaps more optimistically any deterred future conflict, will require not only production at scale but also innovation at a scale not seen since WWII and the early Cold War. Continue here. >>
For Better Defense Spending, Split the Pentagon’s Budget in Two
Mackenzie Eaglen | Hill
Many states in America have two separate budgets: one for capital expenses and another for operating activities. Separating investments from the costs of annual operations means long-term capital improvement projects are not seen as deficit drivers. Mackenzie Eaglen explains that it is time to separate the Defense Department’s capital and operating budgets. By making important and necessary funds for pay and benefits into mandatory spending, policymakers will have a clearer understanding of where defense dollars go and how much of the defense budget actually buys direct military capability. This method will go a long way toward ensuring the military receives what it genuinely needs to execute its central mission to defend the nation. Continue here. >>

Matching Defense Budget to Strategy
Elaine McCusker and Emily Coletta | AEIdeas
As we await the release of the President’s fiscal year 2024 budget request to Congress in early March, chatter continues on Capitol Hill about potentially irresponsible and dangerous cuts to defense. Elaine McCusker and Emily Coletta show that such speculation directly contradicts bipartisan support for the recently passed defense budget. There is a false belief that the Pentagon can reform or save its way out of the current budget hole. It cannot. American should be unwilling to accept any budget plan that threatens to repeat the costly mistakes of the Budget Control Act era. To this end, representatives on Capitol Hill can lead this year by reaching a budget agreement now that will allow enactment of regular appropriations bills before the start of the fiscal year. Learn more here. >>
Don’t Just Target Terrorists. Deny Them Safe Havens.
Katherine Zimmerman | Hill
Recent American raids against the Islamic State (IS) in Somalia add to a growing series of operations to capture or kill those involved in plotting transnational attacks. Katherine Zimmerman argues that while targeting high-value individuals within IS weakens it, raids and airstrikes will not be enough to win this fight. IS has routinized its leadership succession to overcome rapid losses, which means the US must refocus on denying terrorists the safe havens needed to recruit and plan for attacks. Washington’s hesitancy to do more than targeting for fear of overcommitting resources again is letting terrorists regroup. Suppressing terrorist networks is not a permanent solution; it requires constant resources to monitor and prevent attacks. 
Read more here. >>
Letter to a Young Essayist
China in Our Backyard –  A Wakeup Call
By Miguel Alejandro Laborde, RealClearDefense: “. . . in March of 2022, USSOUTHCOM Commander General Richardson provided, in illuminating and stark detail, a number of concerns and threats both resident and growing in the Southern Command Area of Responsibility (AOR)."
The Fed’s Quantitative Easing Gamble Costs Taxpayers Billions
The Looming Debt-Ceiling Crisis Is Too Big for the Fed to Ignore
Defense Funding—Highlights from Fiscal Year 2023 to Inform Fiscal Year 2024
Elaine McCusker | AEIdeas
AEI ELAINE McCUSKER
AEI ELIZABETH BRAW 
AEI 9 PRESIDENTIAL ACCOMMODATIONS FOR CHINA POLICY
SCMP, CHINA HAS NO TROOPS FOR HI TECH
​INDIA TODAY, CHINA SHORT SUPPLY OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR WAR

​THE PLA PEOPLE PROBLEM
​CHINA MISSILE REPORT
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US WAR FOOTING SMALL AND WEAK; THE PLA'S PEOPLE PROBLEM

1/13/2023

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The US Military Is in Decline. Cutting Defense Spending Would Be a Disaster.
Mackenzie Eaglen | 19fortyfive.com

Twelve Problems Impeding Defense Innovation
William C. Greenwalt | AEIdeas
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Navy Secretary Warns: If Defense Industry Can’t Boost Production, Arming Both Ukraine and the US May Become ‘Challenging’ // Marcus Weisgerber: Carlos Del Toro’s comments come as an admiral accuses weapons makers of using the pandemic as an excuse for not delivering arms on time.
SCMP REPORT CHINA
INDIA TODAY, CHINA'S PLA PEOPLE PROBLEM
The PLA’s People Problem // Peter W. Singer and Taylor A. Lee: China’s military has long struggled to field quality personnel.
Why Putin’s General Shuffle Is Good News
Leon Aron | AEIdeas
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DEFENSE BILL IS SMALL BEANS; REFORMING DOD ACQUISITION & IN CHINA IMPLODING

12/8/2022

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The 1960s had Their Day:
Changing DoD’s Acquisition Processes and Structures

By William McHenry & Mike Brown, RealClearDefense: “The Department of Defense (DoD) acquires cutting edge technology in the same manner Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara envisioned acquiring aircraft carriers during the Vietnam War; via a long and ordered linear process."
Is the “China Model” Finally Failing?
Dalibor Rohac | Bulwark
While forecasting autocratic breakdowns or gradual liberalization of dictatorial regimes is a fool’s errand, human yearning for freedom is real and irrepressible—especially once already tasted. If we are lucky, we may see its fruit in our lifetimes, in China and beyond.
Xi’s struggle
Disentangling The Digital Battlefield: How the Internet Has Changed War, by Steven Feldstein
Find the full NDAA text (PDF) here. Or review a summary from congressional leaders, here. ​
Three Cheers for the Defense Policy Bill
Mackenzie Eaglen | AEIdeas
The recently released defense policy bill—which authorizes end-strength levels, delivers oversight, and provides funding guidance for the Defense Department—is a much-needed vote of confidence in the US military.
Full Story
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  • Army end strength has been reduced to 452,000 troops, which is down from last year's overly ambitious 485,000 target, which the service missed in part by recruiting about 15,000 fewer troops than expected this past fiscal year; 
  • The Marines are also expected to shrink, though by a lot less—177,000 for the year ahead, compared to 178,500 authorized the year prior; 
  • The Air Force will shrink by about 4,000 airmen, falling to 325,344 compared to 329,220 this year; 
  • In contrast, the Navy has been tasked with adding about 7,000 sailors, raising last year's total from 346,920 to 354,000; 
  • And the Space Force will add about 200 Guardians, rising to about 8,600 troops in the newest branch of the armed forces. 
In terms of planes and ships, etc., five F-35A jets are expected, as well as 15 F-35Bs, and 16 F-35Cs. Ten more HH-60W helicopters and four EC-37B Compass Call aircraft are also newly funded in the bill. And more than $32 billion has been set aside for new ships, including 11 "battle force" vessels—three Arleigh Burke-class destroyers; two Virginia-class submarines; two expeditionary fast transports; one Constellation-class frigate; one San Antonio-class amphibious ship; one John Lewis-class oiler; and one Navajo-class towing, salvage, and rescue ship.
US Lawmakers Ease Planned China Chip Controls Amid Industry Pushback.  US senators softened proposed limits on Chinese-made chips after pushback from US business and trade groups.  The original measure would have required US federal agencies and contractors to stop using chips from Chinese chip makers SMIC, YMTC and CXMT.  The new version no longer restricts contractors and pushes compliance to five years.  The measure is an amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act, which Congress is expected to pass this month.  The Chinese Embassy in Washington said criticism of the measure shows that trade restrictions on China are in no one’s interest.  Reuters
The 2022 War On The Rocks Holiday Reading List, by WOTR staff
The Semiconductor Industry and the China Challenge
By Michael Hochberg & Leonard Hochberg, “Every nation-state faces a fundamental choice: With whom will we engage in trade?"
New MEQ Features Analysis of Iran, "Islamophobia," and Arab Political Rhetoric
News from the Middle East Forum
December 6, 2022

https://www.meforum.org/63882/new-meq-features-iran-islamophobia-political-rhetoric
Turkish government banks on Gulf financial support to save economy
 As crucial elections near, Ankara pins hope on financial support from “friendly” countries to ease its foreign currency shortfall and rein in inflation.
Sudan's transition deal seen as significant, but doubts remain
 Protesters and some observers are skeptical the agreement will end the political crisis in the east African country, but the United States and Gulf states have praised the deal.
Why Pakistan Can’t Be Pulled Away from China
Michael Rubin | National Interest
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U.S. MUST FIGHT ON TWO FRONTS

11/11/2022

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U.S. WAR FIGHTING CAPACITY LOSING TO CHINA

9/19/2022

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The new National Defense Strategy keeps the Pentagon’s focus locked on China
MACKENZIE EAGLEN 1945
2022 National Defense Strategy, Nuclear Posture Review
From USNI News: “Key Points and the entire document provided by USNI News.”
Fixing Defense Innovation: Rewriting Acquisition and Security Regulations, Jules Hurst
That's it? Biden's Overdue Pentagon Strategy Underwhelms
DoD Releases 2022 Strategic Reviews.  The US Department of Defense released the unclassified versions of three key strategic reviews – the National Defense Strategy, Nuclear Posture Review and Missile Defense Review.  The Pentagon said it conducted reviews in an integrated way for the first time to coordinate defense efforts.  The NDS focuses on deterrence against China – making it a clear priority over Russia – and collaboration with US allies and partners.  The document also mentions an “integrated deterrence” approach to non-military attacks and gray zone threats.  The NPR largely maintains US nuclear policy, though it does remove the “hedging against an uncertain future” role of nuclear weapons and scraps a nuclear-armed sea-launched cruise missile system – moves that may signal that the US will place more emphasis on conventional means for nuclear deterrence given recent threats of nuclear escalation with Russia over the Ukraine war.  Atlantic Council New York Times Reuters US Department of Defense
China's Nuclear Arsenal Will Become an Existential Threat to US, Biden Administration Declares // Marcus Weisgerber: New nuclear strategy deletes one new U.S. weapon, keeps the rest.
That's it? Biden's Overdue Pentagon Strategy Underwhelms // Kevin Baron: After nearly two years, experts were hoping for more.
Of Politics and Power
By Seth Cropsey, RealClearDefense: “Queen Elizabeth Reminds Us of the Alternatives to our Jacobin Age."

There’s a Battle Between Autocracy and Democracy in America’s Backyard and Democracy Is Losing
By Cam McMillan, RealClearDefense: "Daniel Ortega, the former Sandinista revolutionary, has devolved Nicaragua into an authoritarian state at the expense of Nicaraguans and the region."
The Constitution and National Unity
Yuval Levin | National Review
In the struggle to forge solidarity in our divided society, the Constitution is not the problem but the solution.
​How China Views It: Sino-American Technology Competition
Dan Blumenthal, Gregory Graff, and Christian Curriden | American Enterprise Institute
These two reports are based on research projects from the Hertog Foundation National Security & Sino-American Technology Competition fellowship, led by AEI Senior Fellow Dan Blumenthal.
A Strategy of Distribution for Addressing the People’s Liberation Army of 2025–30
Eric Sayers | National Bureau of Asian Research
Turkey: A NATO Ally?
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U.S. BUDGET ISN'T SERIOUS ABOUT CHINA OR ANY THREATS

7/18/2022

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A New Paper Calls Out America’s Shrinking Air Force
And Likelihood It Can’t Win Against China

By Eric Tegler, Forbes: “. . . a new paper from the Mitchell Institute details an underfunded U.S. Air Force which may not be able to win against China."
The Weaponization of Capital
Increase DARPA Funding and Tackle Ambitious Missions in 2023
By Benedict Capaldi, RealClearDefense: “Funding by top venture capital firms like a16z, Lux Capital, and Founders Fund is fueling companies known as the SHARPEs: ShieldAI, Hawkeye 360, Anduril, Rebellion Defense, Palantir, and Epirus."

Books for the Century:
Military, Scientific, and Technological

By Lawrence D. Freedman, Foreign Affairs: "Three important approaches to the study of war were established by books published during World War II."
Marine Corps Planning for Wars Where Robots Kill Each Other
By Konstantin Toropin, Military.com: "Marine leaders are laying out a more detailed and concrete vision for the use of unmanned platforms and drones that includes things like robot-driven supply lines and robot combat in the wake of the huge maritime exercise in the Pacific."
Supply Chain Problems Are Hurting Nuclear Modernization
By Joe Gould, Defense News: "The nominee to lead the U.S. nuclear arsenal said Thursday that supply chain snags that are pummeling the defense industrial base are also hurting Washington’s plans to modernize its aging nuclear arsenal."
A Perfect World Economic Storm
Only Democracy Can Bring Stability to the Balkans, by Maja Bjelos

Net Assessment: Galvanizing America's Defense Industrial Policy
, with Christopher Preble, Melanie Marlowe, and Zack Cooper
According to William C. Greenwalt, the Department of Defense has lost one of its most dynamic innovators. Mike Brown retired as head of the Defense Innovation Unit on Friday, September 2, after his efforts to engage with private-sector innovation reportedly met with "a critical lack of support from Pentagon leadership." The resistance to Brown's efforts, Greenwalt argues, shows that the Pentagon "is doubling down on a bureaucratic, risk-averse, and time-intensive system that puts us at greater risk to being outmaneuvered."
The Pentagon Gets the Better Part of a Trillion Dollars a Year. Why Isn't That Enough?
By Mackenzie Eaglen
The budgeting process has calcified, with huge sums going to the priorities of yesteryear.
china_defense_2022_build_up.pdf
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China’s Slowing Economy Spells Trouble for the US and the World
Desmond Lachman | New York Post
Recruitment Is Now a Real Threat to a Frail Force Facing Formidable Foes
Mackenzie Eaglen | Breaking Defense
Recruiting challenges are fraying and decaying the US armed forces at a time when the military needs to be growing.
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The Anvil and the Lighthouse: 
Why Forward Deployments Are Vital

By James Stavridis, Proceedings: "Like a lighthouse on a rocky coast, Navy and Marine Corps forward-deployed forces might never know what crises their presence has averted, but their deterrent value is critical in the turbulent 21st century."
How To Slash the Time and Money Needed To Build Warships
—Without Cutting Capabilities

By Loren Thompson, Forbes: “Virtually every official assessment of how many warships the Navy needs to do its job identifies a number well above 300."
The Paradox of Scarcity in a Defense Budget of Largesse
Mackenzie Eaglen | AEI
In her latest report, Mackenzie Eaglen analyzes the scarcity of buying power available in the US defense budget to advance the National Defense Strategy. Between two-thirds and three-quarters of the defense budget is fenced and fixed each year before the Department of Defense (DOD) and Congress can make changes to address threats and advance the defense strategy. Inflation is drastically cutting into the DOD’s buying power, further reducing the little share left to decision makers to fund new strategic initiatives. Congress must increase funds above inflation and stop deferring hard choices while US adversaries surge ahead in innovation and military development
. Read More >
Congress Must Do Its Job: Provide and Maintain a Navy
Mackenzie Eaglen | AEIdeas
The Pentagon has proposed retiring Navy ships that are only three years old before new and improved replacements are available. Mackenzie Eaglen argues that the US Nay’s proposed strategy of “divest to invest” is in reality a strategy of “invest to divest.” While there is plenty to criticize about the Littoral Combat Ship, the law of physics still matters in a world not getting any smaller: One ship can only be in one place at one time. The US military cannot afford to lose the space covered and deterred by these ships. Spending money to prematurely retire ships at a time of record deployments is needlessly wasteful for an asset still needed. Read More >>
House Authorizers Rescue Procurement
Elaine McCusker and John G. Ferrari | AEIdeas
Following the approval of the fiscal year 2023 National Defense Authorization Act by House appropriators, Elaine McCusker and John G. Ferrari analyze the $37 billion increase that the House authorized. They note that the substantial increases in procurement of equipment and facilities tell us two things. First, Congress does not agree with the Department of Defense (DOD) strategy of sacrificing procurement in favor of continued investments in long-term technology development. Second, Congress recognizes that buying more tanks, ships, and munitions is crucial to a robust supply chain—a point DOD seems not to understand. Read More >>
Keeping Putin’s Nuclear Threat from Launching an Arms Race
Hal Brands | Bloomberg
The war in Ukraine has put a serious strain on American achievements in nuclear nonproliferation. Yet, Hal Brands explains that the future of nuclear nonproliferation will depend heavily on how the US addresses not just the Ukraine war but a larger set of rivalries and tensions around the globe. So far, Washington has limited the danger of nuclear dominoes falling in Europe. In order to inhibit proliferation, the US must have greater consultation with allies on nuclear strategy, engage in discussions of how Washington would respond to a limited Chinese use of nuclear weapons, and perhaps even station nuclear weapons on or near the territory of key allies. Read More >>
When the Chips Are Down
Klon Kitchen | Dispatch
The United States needs to make major investments in domestic semiconductor manufacturing capability, attract technical talent from overseas in the near term, and build a deep pool of domestic talent for the long term, argues Klon Kitchen. The US does not have the capacity and industry growth possible to meet our own demand for semiconductor chips, let alone that of the rest of the world. The current semiconductor global supply chain is insufficiently secure, diverse, and resilient to meet our national security requirements, and therefore, significant action must be taken. Read More >>
The US Military Needs an On-Time Defense Budget
China’s Roadblocks to Becoming A Science Superpower
By Ma Xiu & Peter W. Singer, Defense One: "Historical and structural problems complicate Beijing’s vision of tech leadership."
UNDERSTANDING US PRESIDENTIAL POWER
From the AEI Archive: Early Impressions of Gorbachev and a Final Thought
A Less Charitable World
An Operationalized Approach To Battalion Command
Triple Take With Hyde, Riggs, Basak, & Taylor Rul
Hedging with Humility: Reassessing China’s Power Projection Capabilities Against Taiwan, by Collin Fox, Trevor Phillips-Levine, and Kyle Cregge
China’s Increasingly Impressive Air-to-Air Missile Inventory
By Thomas Newdick, The War Zone: "China has made very impressive progress in its air-to-air missile development, but these weapons remain relatively obscure in the West.
A Strategist’s Cast of Characters: 
The Critical Attributes and Skills of Strategic Decision-Makers

By Roni Yadlin, Strategy Bridge: "Since the day when Thespis made dramatic history and first took to the stage as a character in a play, the ancient Greeks used theatrical productions to provide social commentary, impart lessons, and inspire action."
China’s Gorbachev Phobia
By Minxin Pei, The Strategist (ASPI): "There was a time when well-meaning, if not wishful-thinking, Westerners thought that ‘China’s Gorbachev’ was the highest compliment they could pay a Chinese leader who looked like a reformer."
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NEW COMMISSIONS FACING OLD PROBLEMS

11/21/2021

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​Assessing military cyber maturity: Strategy, institutions, and capability
Jason Blessing | International Institute for Strategic Studies
This paper offers insights into how the governance and organizational factors of domestic politics facilitate or inhibit the dissemination of cyber concepts and capabilities throughout military forces beyond the main signals or cyber-intelligence agency.
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Startups and the Defense Department Compliance Labyrinth by Daniel Lim
Most Read War on the Rocks Articles of 2021
The case for strategic recoupling with China
James C. Capretta welcomes the competition of ideas to the field of government cost estimates. Despite presidential criticism of nongovernmental estimates, Capretta posits that more scholars tracking federal spending plans will lead to better estimates and more accountability.

Since 1997, Congress has created four independent commissions to test the Pentagon's operations. But Mackenzie Eaglen and Roger Zakheim argue that America is in urgent need of a new commission to address old problems, such as redundancies, and new threats, such as the Chinese military.
It’s time for Pentagon to prioritize near-term acquisition fixes over systemic change
Former Pentagon official Jeff Bialos says with less than three years for an undersecretary of acquisition and sustainment to do their job, they need to focus on triage efforts.
The Middle East: The US Is All In or All Out
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THE PENTAGON IS A SOCIAL PROGRAM & UNDERSTANDING CHINA'S MILITARY SPENDING

10/3/2021

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The decline in defense purchasing power and the transformation of the Pentagon into a social program
William C. Greenwalt | AEIdeas
The vice-chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. John Hyten, recently outlined a condition that is now too big to ignore: Defense purchasing power is so anemic that the Pentagon struggles to get any increase in defense capability for all the taxpayer money spent. Even worse, capability has been eroded to the point that our adversaries are now at parity with the US — and the situation is not getting any better, points out William Greenwalt. We will need radical regulatory relief and management reforms to dig ourselves out of this hole. Read More >>
Huawei’s decline shows why China will struggle to dominate
Hal Brands | Bloomberg Opinion
Two years ago, Chinese telecom giant Huawei was set to control global 5G, symbolizing Beijing's rise to technological primary. But now its goal is survival, notes Hal Brands. Huawei’s decline shows how China is often its own worst enemy, as its global assertiveness makes its rivals multiply. It represents bipartisan effectiveness, and it shows that the US has the tools, and can assemble the strategy, to win a high-tech rivalry with China — provided Washington can avoid losing crucial near-term battles first. Read More >>

Evergrande and more important things
Derek Scissors | AEIdeas
While some claim that the Evergrande debacle is another “Lehman moment,” they misunderstand a crucial distinction: The Chinese financial system is largely not commercial; it’s largely a government arm, points out Derek Scissors. The true risk, however, is that Beijing's interference in finance is increasing, as seen by the New Bank of International Settlements, which shows that China’s large credit share of gross domestic product (GDP) is falling in the first quarter. While that’s partly due to artificially fast GDP out of the pandemic, Beijing is also limiting lending and direct government borrowing this year. If sustained, this would be far more important than Evergrande. Read More >
Stronger Deterrence Will Avoid War Over Taiwan
By Peter Jennings, The Strategist (ASPI): "The Taiwanese assess perhaps a three-year time frame before an attack, while U.S. Indo-Pacific Command in Honolulu considers a military assault in six years to be possible."
t’s a mistake to think some jihadis are only focused on the ‘local’
Emily Estelle | The Hill
There is a false assumption behind the Joe Biden administration's decision to abandon counterterrorism: Jihadist groups with local ambitions do not have international goals. Relying on this false assumption blinds us to the growing threat in Afghanistan and the danger of other "Islamic emirates" proliferating worldwide, explains Emily Estelle. The rapid growth of African Salafi-jihadi groups is one of the most alarming trends of the past decade. Accommodating these groups will not stop them from attacking us. The only long-term solution is to uproot and discredit them. Read More >>
Senate Commission to Fix Defense Budgeting Is Right on the Mark by John Whitley and Gregory Pejic
Continuing Resolutions Could Extend Well into 2022
By Jon Harper, National Defense Magazine: “We’re in the final days of September, and once again the federal government Is set to start a new fiscal year under a continuing resolution — or a government shutdown — because Congress failed to pass a full-year appropriations bill by Oct. 1. However, this time around, the CRs may last much longer than usual."
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U.S. Military Eyes Prototype Mobile Nuclear Reactor in Idaho
By Keith Ridler, AP: “The lab is considered the nation’s leading nuclear research lab, and has multiple facilities to aid in building and testing the microreactor.”
Uncovering the French Origins of COIN
By M.L. deRaismes Combes, Classics of Strategy and Diplomacy: ". . . counterinsurgency as a discrete military (and political) practice dates even further back—to the nineteenth century and to the height of European imperialism. "
Four Steps to a Successful Quad Leaders’ Summit
By Hayley Channer, The Strategist (ASPI): "Due to the timing, more links are being drawn between AUKUS and the Quad than may have occurred had the two events been further apart. With AUKUS still very fresh, Japan and India will expect additional detail about the deal and reassurance from Australia and the U.S."
The U.S. Should Strengthen Its Relationship With India
to Keep China and the Taliban in Check

By Mark Green, RealClearDefense: “By helping India upgrade its defense systems, the United States can empower India to defend itself, as well as provide security in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific region. This is all the more important since the fall of Afghanistan to the Taliban."
Understanding China’s Military Spending
By Richard A. Bitzinger & James Char, The National Interest: “Where China’s military build-up is concerned, adding some context to make up for the lack of transparency in its annual budget provides us with a better—albeit still limited—appreciation of the People’s Liberation Army budgetary allocations."
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WAR ON THE ROCKS & THE U.S. INDUSTRIAL BASE; HOW TURKEY LOST WASHINGTON

9/1/2021

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Curing the Administrative State
by robert r. gasaway
Our administrative state's ills cannot be treated with homespun remedies.
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US INDUSTRIAL BASE, A GEOGRAPHY
BUIDLING A BETTER INDUSTRIAL BASE
REPORT ON US INDUSTRIAL BASES
assessing-and-strengthening-the-manufacturing-and_defense-industrial-base-and-supply-chain-resiliency.pdf
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Biden Must Stop Russia’s Illicit Procurement of Sensitive American Technologies
By Andrea Stricker & John Hardie, The National Interest: “Investigations have exposed many Russian illicit procurement schemes in recent years, targeting items ranging from sensitive diving equipment to dual-use machine tools to components used in night-vision and thermal-imaging devices.
Not a Divorce but a Defense Decoupling: What’s Next for the U.S.-Turkish Alliance by Aaron Stei
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THE DEFENSE FUTURES SIMULATOR AT AEI

7/28/2021

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The Defense Futures Simulator
​VIEW SIMULATOR
A US defense budget that makes China smile
Mackenzie Eaglen | 19fortyfive.com
A larger workforce of Department of Defense civilians is no substitute for service members.
Full Story
Read Tracker
Iran’s Tricky Balancing Act in Afghanistan by Candace Rondeaux, Amir Toumaj, and Arif Ammar

The American Revolution, Naval Power, and the 21st Century by BJ Armstrong

The Defense Futures Simulator from War on the Rocks, American Enterprise Institute, and Center for Strategic & International Studies

Strategic Outpost’s Sixth Annual Summer Vacation Reading List by David Barno and Nora Bensahel    

The Problem with Biden’s Democracy Agenda by Robert Manning and Mathew Burrows

India Eyes America’s Afghan Withdrawal with Avinash Paliwal

Tunisian Democracy in Crisis After Presidential Power Grab with Sharan Grewal
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THE BIDEN DEFENSE BUDGET:  US ENEMIES GROW WHILE U.S. POSTURE ABROAD SHRINKS

6/14/2021

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The Biden defense budget: The good, the bad, and the ugly
​Elaine McCusker
RealClearDefense
WHY THE U.S. HAS A UNITARY EXECUTIVE
To Biden Administration: Record of Iran's Top "Moderate" Mullah
by Majid Rafizadeh
American Stagnation Plan
​
President Biden’s rescue package will finance a flood of questionable local government programs unlikely to produce much economic stimulus.
The Navy must choose between developing a next-generation fighter, a destroyer, or a submarine, acting Secretary Thomas Harker said in a June 4 memo posted by USNI News this week. "The Navy cannot afford to simultaneously develop the next generation of air, surface, and subsurface platforms and must prioritize these programs, balancing the cost of developing next-generation capabilities against maintaining current capabilities," the memo states.

The Air Force said GE can 3D print

It's the Government Accountability Office's annual assessment of the Pentagon's major weapon programs. ​
​FLAVIO FELICE
Debt and Democracy
Madison and Jefferson can still offer us sage counsel for our heavily indebted times.
How States Can Respond If Biden Lifts Iran Sanctions
​
Republican governors and legislatures have some effective tools at their disposal.
Spring 2021 Issue MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE
Rethinking Israeli-Turkish Relations
Out of Sight Should Not Mean Out of Reach:
Deterrence and the Proliferation of Hard and Deeply Buried Targets

By Michaela Dodge, National Institute for Public Policy: “It has been almost two decades since the U.S. government had an extensive public discussion of the issue of having a nuclear capability to destroy hard and deeply buried targets (HDBTs).”
The Broken Road to Military Professionalism
by j. furman daniel iii
Wooster’s book is an examination of the fundamental debates regarding the role of the military in American society.

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WHO'S WHO IN DEFENSE

3/27/2021

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Who’s Who in Defense: Mark Milley, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
New Democratic Push For DoD Cuts Highlights China, Shipbuilding Woes
Our So-Called Foreign Policy: Return of the Lippmann Gap?
The Five Surprises In Pentagon’s 2022 Budget
Indian Democracy Is On The Ropes. The US Must Act
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CHINA, RARE EARTH METALS & THE F35

2/21/2021

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Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Way Forward
In a new policy briefing book, entitled The Biden Administration and the Middle East: Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Way Forward, MEI scholars tackle a large number of country-specific and region-wide issue areas, laying out both the abiding U.S. interests and specific recommendations for Biden administration policies that can further U.S. interests amid a region in turmoil.

Read Briefing Book
Winter 2020/2021 Issue
After last year’s crisis, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia pursue a reset
Read article
China and Military Power through Artificial Intelligence  by Peter Schweizer
Competing in time: How the Department of Defense is losing the innovation race to China
Despite reforms, the Pentagon and Congress have failed to break out of a Cold War, central-planning model that has stifled innovation, writes William Greenwalt. A radical overhaul of the entire defense management system is now required. Time is of the essence.
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question the stealth fighter's role. "What does the F-35 give us? Is there a way to cut our losses? Is there a way to not keep spending so much money for such a low capability, because the sustainment costs are brutal," Smith said at a Brookings Institution event on Friday.
The F-35 is the largest, most expensive Pentagon program —ever— so it certainly has a target on its back now that Democrats control Congress and there is a Dem in the White House and are expected to cut defense spending in the coming years. But that's no easy feat since F-35 parts are made in 45 U.S. states and a number of foreign partners, which will certainly weigh in on the minds of lawmakers. Nine countries are already flying the plane too.
Small Number of States Dominate Defense Spending
By Jon Harper, National Defense Magazine: "A huge portion of U.S. defense spending is going to contractors and military personnel based in just a handful of states, according to data recently released by the Pentagon."
The Military Balance 2021, on our website.
Global defence-spending on the up, despite economic crunch
Notwithstanding the coronavirus pandemic and subsequent 3.5% contraction in global economic output in 2020, global defence-spending was resilient with real growth matching the higher rate achieved in 2019. However, even with a potential uplift in European spending, this increase could slow in 2021 as the defence budget of the United States flattens and growth in Asia-Pacific slows. Read Fenella McGerty's analysis in full. 
Editor's Introduction.
US Intelligence and the Dilemma of Iran
By Erfan Fard, February 26, 2021
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The rogue regime in Tehran is the primary source of turmoil and instability in the Middle East. The regime thirsts for ever more dominance across the region and beyond and employs a terrorist network to achieve that goal, even as it continues to move aggressively in its pursuit of nuclear weapons. The threat of Iran, combined with the withdrawal of US forces from Iraq and Syria, has prompted the creation of an anti-Iran coalition. It is now up to the Biden administration, which has no desire to become involved in a military conflict with Iran, to determine the best course of action in dealing with a regime that persistently challenges all accepted norms of behavior.

Continue to full article ->
Navigating the Shoals of Renewed American Naval Power: Imperatives for the Next Secretary of the Navy by Bryan Durkee and Chris Bassler
 Janet Yellen and the return of the bond vigilantes
Desmond Lachman | The National Interest 
 
Today's global credit and asset bubble is premised on the assumption that US interest rates will remain at low levels indefinitely. This could change quickly if inflation fears due to the president's expansive stimulus package push rates up. The market for US government bonds could be an early signal of trouble ahead. 
 Biden must not repeat Trump’s trade policy mistakes
Desmond Lachman | The Hill
 
President Joe Biden has inherited a US and global economy in much worse shape than did President Donald Trump. As such, Biden cannot afford to repeat the same trade policy mistakes that the Trump administration made if he wishes to arrest the worldwide drift to protectionist policies that threaten US and global prosperity.
How To Overcome Weaknesses in the Western Way of Sea War
By James Holmes, 1945: “The question put to me for today is: what are some aspects of the Western way of maritime war that opponents can exploit?" 

America’s Approach Towards Iran
By Ehud Eilam, Wavell Room: "What should President Biden’s strategy towards Iran look like?  It is a crucial matter which might bring a nuclear arms race to the Middle East and maybe even a nuclear war.  Israel and Arab states are also very concerned about Iran and about its regional ambitions and long-range missile project.  All of that has to be addressed by negotiation while retaining a military option should the talks reach a dead end."

Global Defence-Spending on the Up, Despite Economic Crunch
By Fenella McGerty, IISS: “Notwithstanding the coronavirus pandemic and subsequent 3.5% contraction in global economic output in 2020, global defence-spending was resilient with real growth matching the higher rate achieved in 2019. However, even with a potential uplift in European spending, this increase could slow in 2021 as the defence budget of the United States flattens and growth in Asia-Pacific slows."
Competing in time: Ensuring capability advantage and mission success through adaptable resource allocation
William C. Greenwalt and Dan Patt | Hudson Institute
The keystone of the Department of Defense’s (DOD) institutional architecture is not acquisition, but rather the budgeting process. Congress and the DOD need to cooperate to overhaul the resource-allocation process to allow the United States to compete with other nations such as China.  Full Story   
What are China’s leaders saying about the South China Sea?
Oriana Skylar Mastro | The Lowy Institute
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BIDEN'S PENTAGON WAR FIGHTING BUDGET IS SMALL GAME

2/6/2021

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Persian Gulf militaries, by the numbers. Here's a (just-a-bit-blurry) chart showing the military endstrength and major weapons of seven Gulf countries, produced by Defense News from the new edition of IISS's Military Balance.
China's Military-Civil Fusion Strategy: What to Expect in the Next Five Years // Peter W. Singer and Alex Stone: Even as the term has all but disappeared from official documents, its tenets are being strengthened and extended.
Who’s Who in Defense: Kathleen Hicks, Deputy Secretary Of Defense
Part of a special Breaking Defense reference series profiling key defense decision-makers in the new administration and Congress.
Biden Cannot Allow the Taliban to Destroy Trump's Peace Legacy
A better idea for the defense budget
Elaine McCusker | The Hill
Joe Biden's Mideast Policy: Obama Redux  by Alexander H. Joffe
BESA Center Perspectives

https://www.meforum.org/61992/bidens-foreign-policy-a-preliminary-assessment
Defense budget lessons
Turkish Reforms: From Imperial Repression to Thuggish State  by Burak Bekdil  
Iran's Role in Yemen: US, EU Go Wobbly  by Majid Rafizadeh
How To Make The Third Offset Real: The Combined JADC2
There are places where jointness, that still sometimes elusive character, is on full display in the US military and one of those is where close air support meets the Army. The Army’s Joint Support Team trains 4,200 Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine and Special Operations Command students in joint air-ground operations education, training and command-and-control systems integration. 
How the Pacific Islands Forum Fell Apart
Trump’s Worst 2 Military Mistakes for Biden to Fix
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WHY IKE WAS WRONG; how to restore thucydides for the pentagon

1/27/2021

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Ike was wrong: The military-industrial-congressional complex turns 60
William C. Greenwalt | Breaking Defense
President Dwight Eisenhower gave his farewell speech to the nation 60 years ago, a speech that became famous for one trope — beware the military-industrial complex.
Why China’s Advance in Latin America Matters
By R. Evan Ellis, National Defense Magazine: “China’s expanding presence and influence in Latin America is now widely recognized by political and business leaders and security professionals..” 

Implementing Arab Gulf Reconciliation
By Jeff Martini, RealClearDefense: "As the Arab Gulf states prepare to engage with a new U.S. administration, their recent reconciliation announcement offers an opportunity to advance their interests as well as mutual interests with the United States."
What Zarif’s words should tell President Biden about the JCPOA
The Caravan: The Arab Public And US Foreign Policy: A Discussion With Faisal Abbas
interview with Faisal Abbas, Russell A. Berman via The Caravan Notebook
A public opinion survey sheds important light on Arab views of the role of the US in the Middle East with implications for the Biden Administration.
Why “Anything But Trump” Should Not Be Biden’s Foreign Policy Mantra
Turkey furious over Clintons' TV show featuring Syrian Kurdish women fighters
 Turkey’s state-run press agency is churning out angry coverage of former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and her daughter Chelsea producing a TV series about the Syrian Kurdish women fighters who were key in defeating the Islamic State.
Explosions over Riyadh as CENTCOM commander visits region
 No group has yet claimed credit for the blasts, which came three days after the Saudi military said it shot down an enemy projectile over Riyadh.
U.S., AFGHANISTAN:
Al Qaeda ‘Gaining Strength’ in Afghanistan, U.S. Treasury Says

By Thomas Joscelyn, FDD's Long War Journal: “. . . al Qaeda was “gaining strength in Afghanistan while continuing to operate with the Taliban under the Taliban’s protection.” Al Qaeda “capitalizes on its relationship with the Taliban through its network of mentors and advisers who are embedded with the Taliban, providing advice, guidance, and financial support.””
Agile Appropriations:  
How DoD Can Operate More Like a Startup

By Timothy P. Grayson, RealClearDefense: “Silicon Valley and the venture capital communities are known for their innovation and agility. While most of these success stories start small, the figurative "two guys in a garage," many have ended up becoming "unicorns" and are now some of the biggest, most powerful corporations in the world. These startups start small, accept risk and move fast.” 

It’s Time To Move the Army Ladder
By Eric Wesley & Robert Simpson, War on the Rocks: “When The New York Times reported that Russia had likely deployed a nuclear-armed cruise missile in violation of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear."
The U.S. Military’s Real Foe:  The Tyranny of Distance
By Patrick Hulme & Erik Gartzke, 1945: “When it comes to war, America is almost always playing an “away game.””
Present at the Drone War’s Creation
By Benjamin Runkle, RealClearDefense: “. . . despite the current vogue for railing against the bureaucratic "Deep State," Never Mind shows how much of the implementation of grand strategy and policy relies on nameless, faceless patriots for success." ​
These five items should top Biden’s defense priorities [Commentary]
The Biden administration has the opportunity to institute reforms in several crucial areas at the Pentagon. Read More
A Civilizational Foreign Policy
By Samuel Gregg on Jan 31, 2021 04:00 pm
In “The Abandonment of the West,” Michael Kimmage focuses on the role of the West in America’s approach to the world. Beyond his historical argument, he believes that the idea of the West requires rehabilitation as an underlying motif of American foreign policy, both to resist authoritarianism abroad and to foster greater unity domestically. ...
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Restoring Thucydides
By William D. Burghart, Strategy Bridge: “. . . Thucydides’ text is not a machine into which modern problems can be plugged in and answers calculated.” 

Theseus, Daedalus and Icarus
By Roger Ranger, Wavell Room: “The potential non-kinetic military effects of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) on the battlefield."

Turning the JLTV Into a Science Fair Dangerous for Warfighters
By Loren Thompson, Forbes: “There’s a longstanding ritual among defense contractors and pundits when a new president takes office. They try to convince the incoming administration that their priorities are a good match for its agenda.” ​
We Need a Bigger and Smarter Navy
By Steve Cohen, The Hill: "China is leading the world in ship production. In the past 10 years, China has increased its number of battle force ships by 140, while the U.S. has only grown by 9. Importantly, that trend has accelerated in the past five years; more than 100 of China’s additions were made between 2015 and 2020."

Why the Age of the Aircraft Carrier Isn't Over Just Yet
By Dan Gouré, The National Interest: “Critics of the modern aircraft carrier too often focus only on the alleged vulnerabilities of the ship and fail to address the role of the carrier air wing.” 

Defending Forward to Confront China’s Military Aims
By Craig Singleton, RealClearDefense: "The passage of the fiscal year 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) marked the moment the budget finally caught up to a grim geostrategic reality."
A Super-Max Failure and the Case for Going Irregular:
Recalibrating U.S. Policy Toward Iran

By Alex Deep, Modern War Institute: "Over the past four years, the United States has taken a more aggressive approach with Iran through the “super-maximum pressure” economic campaign, overt military action, and confrontational rhetoric."

What’s Next for Afghanistan?
By Amin Saikal, The Strategist (ASPI): “The fate of Afghanistan has been a perennial issue, decided often by outside powers rather than by the Afghan people."
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MISSION VS. READINESS:  URBAN WAR & INDUSTRIAL DECLINE

1/12/2021

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How the National Security Team Affects Nuclear Weapons Policy
By Jeffrey Becker, Strategy Bridge: "With a new administration about to take the reins of power, one has been reminded how critical a team will be. A mostly mainstream set of cabinet picks suggests the policies of Joe Biden will continue those under Barack Obama. What have these nominated officials learned from how the world has changed in the last four years? The Senate will soon have to evaluate what hundreds of nominees think of these issues and more."

U.S. Options to Incentivize People’s Republic of China Behavior
By Mel Daniels, Divergent Options: “The idea that the U.S. should support the responsible rise of China has failed."
Conflicts to Watch in 2021
From Council on Foreign Relations: "A crisis stemming from North Korea’s continued development of nuclear weapons and ballistic missile testing is the top-ranked conflict concern for 2021, according to the Council on Foreign Relations’ (CFR) thirteenth annual Preventive Priorities Survey."
  Economic and diplomatic power is not a substitute for military strength
(RealClear Defense) The current chaos in Washington, D.C. has given U.S. political discourse a distinct focus, a focus that will remain until 20 January, when Mr. Biden is inaugurated.
 What's in a name? Reimagining irregular warfare activities for competition
(War On The Rocks) “Irregular warfare” has an image problem. Artistic liberties in Hollywood and misadventures by former special operators cause “irregular warfare” to be conflated with either the highly kinetic exploits of elite units, or “little green men” attempting to overthrow fledgling dictators.
 Donald Trump's foreign policy legacy
(War On The Rocks) In this episode of Horns of a Dilemma, Will Inboden, executive director at the Clements Center at the University of Texas at Austin, sits down with David Adesnik and John Hannah from the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, to discuss their recent work, “From Trump to Biden: The Way Ahead for United States National Security.”
 
  Al Qaeda in Iran–and Afghanistan
(Long War Journal) Hosts Tom Joscelyn and Bill Roggio discuss and critique Secretary of State Mike Pompeo’s speech on the Iran-Al Qaeda axis.
‘A piece of...’ Outgoing SecDef blasts expensive programs
(Defense One) DOD’s biggest challenge is overcoming the “mindset of the Cold War.”
Making News: Trump “Requiem” Post Re-Published in The National Interest…& More!
by Alan Tonelson
Mossad Head Briefs Biden Admin On Iranian Nukes, Missiles
​
By Arie Egozi; Wednesday, January 13, 2021 4:30 PM
The head of the Mossad is expected to serve as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s main liaison with the new administration, because of his personal acquaintance with Biden and many of the new president’s senior officials developed while he was head of Israel’s National Security Council.


Building JADC2: Data, AI & Warfighter Insight
By Sydney J. Freedberg Jr.; Wednesday, January 13, 2021 3:05 PM
“There’s still a lot of folks who believe that, ‘oh, somebody’s going to bring a big box of AI and set it on my desk,’” Lt. Gen. Mike Groen, director of the Joint Artificial Intelligence Center, says. “This is not some black box. This is about your insight into the battlefield.”
JADC2 May Be Built To Fight The Wrong War
By Dan Patt; Thursday, January 14, 2021 11:35 AM
To compete with China, DoD needs to focus on spoiling Chinese military and paramilitary success at lower levels on the escalation ladder. This is more closely aligned with maneuver warfare concepts like DARPA’s Mosaic Warfare.
America's dangerous budget deficit dance
Desmond Lachman | The National Interest
The Democrats’ Paranormal Economics
It is magical thinking to believe that the United States run large deficits indefinitely.
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BRIAN RIEDL
The “Facts” We Take on Faith
How do we know our political convictions are based in reality?
Roper Concerned About Mid-Tier Industrial Base
By Mandy Mayfield, National Defense Magazine: “The Air Force’s top weapons buyer is concerned that the acquisition of medium-sized companies by larger defense contractors will negatively impact competition for future programs.”
Declassification of Secret Document Reveals U.S. Strategy in the Indo-Pacific
By Rory Medcalf, The Strategist (ASPI): “The U.S. government has just declassified one of its most sensitive national security documents—its 2018 strategic framework for the Indo-Pacific, which was formally classified SECRET and not for release to foreign nationals.” ​
Xi Jinping is wrong: Time is on America’s side, not China’s
Michael Rubin | The National Interest
The Eight Rules of Urban Warfare and Why We Must Work To Change Them
By John Spencer, Modern War Institute: “From October 16, 2016 to January 4, 2017, US-backed Iraqi security forces conducted a full-scale city attack to liberate Mosul from the Islamic State."
How Israel Is Adapting to the Growing Threat of Terror Armies
The U.S. Defense Industry in a New Era by Doug Berenson, Chris Higgins, and Jim Tinsley
Hypersonics, Unmanned Ship Teaming Ahead for Zumwalt Destroyer
By Paul McLeary, Breaking Defense: "Navy officials said this week that the destroyer, which still hasn't been deployed almost five years after she was christened, might find a place in the fleet after all."
Pentagon Report Paints Grim Picture of America’s Industrial Decline
By Loren Thompson, Forbes: “The arsenal of democracy may not be dead, but it is definitely dying. That’s the message I got from perusing the Pentagon’s 2020 assessment of U.S. industrial capabilities, which was released on Tuesday.”
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The Wrong Way to Gauge Readiness // Defense Undersecretary Matthew Donovan: Too much focus on mission capable rates misses the larger and more important picture.
 Did your state receive the most defense dollars? We’ve got the numbers.
(Defense News) California topped the list of states receiving defense dollars in 2019, a period in which overall Pentagon contracts and payroll spending in the 50 states and Washington, D.C., totaled $550.9 billion, the Department of Defense revealed Wednesday.
Exclusive: Longtime US Diplomat Weighs America's Legacy in Syria // Katie Bo Williams: The immediate damage of the Turkish invasion has been repaired, Bill Roebuck says, but warns ISIS could reemerge without more U.S. assistance.
 China’s high-speed, armed reconnaissance drone completes maiden flight
(South China Morning Post) China’s new armed reconnaissance drone, the WJ-700, successfully completed its maiden flight on Monday, according to a newspaper report.
MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA:
Ethiopia’s Worsening Crisis Threatens Regional, Mideast Security

By Payton Knopf & Jeffrey Feltman, Al-Monitor: “With the Horn of Africa increasingly becoming an integral part of the Middle East’s security landscape, the fallout from Ethiopia's current crisis will have a significant impact on states of the region.”
Army Revamps Acquisition Strategy for Bradley Replacement
By Stew Magnuson, National Defense Magazine: “The Army has come up with a new acquisition strategy in its decades-long effort to replace the Bradley Fighting Vehicle.”
Marines, Navy Moving Quickly on Light Amphib, Anti-Ship Missiles
By Megan Eckstein, USNI News: “The Navy and Marine Corps are quickly seeking new ideas that allow Marines to support the Navy in sea control and other maritime missions, including the rapid acquisition of a light amphibious ship and a movement toward using Marine weapons while at sea.”
U.S. Navy’s Plan To Stop Its String of Shipbuilding Failures
By David Larter, Defense News: “The U.S. Navy’s top officer has laid down the gauntlet: The service must deliver two new classes of surface ships on time.
Lockheed Martin’s SR-72 Mach 6 Darkstar: What We Know
By Peter Suciu, 1945: "Such a platform would complement other manned aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), providing flexibility in how intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) is gathered."

How a Suburban Housewife Became a Pioneer of Military Intelligence
By James Barber, Military.com: ""The Codebreaker," premiering this week on PBS' "American Experience," tells the story of Elizebeth Friedman, a visionary American codebreaker who established our decryption programs during World War I, helped break the codes used by gangsters during Prohibition and led our efforts to break the Enigma code during World War II."
Now Could Be the Time to Form Policy for
Emerging Brain and Body-Enhancement Technologies

By Mary Lee, Timothy Marler & Anika Binnendijk, RealClearDefense: “It has recently been reported that U.S. diplomats in China and Cuba were likely the victims of directed microwave radiation, causing physical effects such as headaches, visual problems, nausea, and cognitive difficulties.” 

It’s the Navy’s World Now:
Preserving the Right Army Force Structure in an Era of Seapower’s Strategic Primacy

By Brandon Morgan, Modern War Institute: “With China as the 2018 National Defense Strategy’s pacing threat and the Indo-Pacific region as the corresponding theater of operations, analysts—and even the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff—have acknowledged that the Army must be prepared to adapt to a supporting role to the Navy’s strategic primacy in the years to come.”

The Navy Surface Fleet Must Truly Rebalance or Risk Irrelevance
By Bryan Clark, Forbes: "Unless its leaders reconsider the surface force’s operational concepts, design, and posture, it could become increasingly unsustainable and unable to address the spectrum of competition presented by the PRC’s maritime forces."
  The US defense industry in a new era
(War On The Rocks) Does the United States have the defense industry that it needs?
The Marine Corps expects to break ground on a state-of-the-art wargaming center in 2021
(Marine Corps Times) Nearly four years after Marine officials announced the Corps wanted a state-of-the art, advanced wargaming center near the service’s headquarters, the service expects to break ground on the Quantico, Virginia, facility in 2021.
 Russia, China and more: How America can address its biggest coming threats
(The National Interest) Intensifying pressures are driving competition between the United States, China and Russia. This contest is about to enter a more dangerous phase, making the need for a strong Navy, increased forward military presence, and pragmatic diplomacy national imperatives.
Machine learning and life-and-death decisions on the battlefield
(War On The Rocks) In 1946 the New York Times revealed one of World War II’s top secrets — “an amazing machine which applies electronic speeds for the first time to mathematical tasks hitherto too difficult and cumbersome for solution.”
 IISS analysts: Russian and Western defense firms face greater competition
(Defense News) Over the next decade, companies from emerging defense industrial nations will provide greater competition for the Western and Russian firms that have previously assisted in their development.
 Lebanese Air Force chief: The future of air power, and its role in fighting terrorism
(Defense News) The rapid evolution of technology has imposed radical changes to the principles of military planning, on the tactical and strategic level, within the armed forces in general, and air forces in particular, in the war against terrorism.
 
  Chief of US Army Futures Command: The service is experiencing a technological evolution
(Defense News) The fundamental character of warfare is changing.
India analyst: Can India implement reforms quick enough to rejuvenate its defense industry?  (Defense News) Spurred as much by the economic considerations as the embarrassment of continued dependence on imports, the Indian government has taken several steps this year to galvanize defense production in the country.
4 Biggest Hurdles to Rebuilding the Nuclear Bomber Force
By Loren Thompson, Forbes: "The Air Force’s fleet of heavy bombers has grown decrepit with age. The 158 aircraft remaining in the fleet—down nearly 50% from the 290 that existed when the Cold War ended—average 45 years of service, and it shows."

Offshore Procurement Waivers – Time for a New Normal
By Richard McCool, RealClearDefense: "While FMF is an important foreign policy tool to support our partners in key regions around the globe, it is U.S. taxpayer dollars that are spent on FMF, to the tune of several billion a year."

Bringing Army HR Into the 21st Century
By Gregory Johnson, Army Magazine: "Army human resources (HR)—the systems that feed information into a Soldier Record Brief, for example—is a Gordian knot."
Decolonising Professional Military Education
By Malte Riemann and Norma Rossi, Wavell Room: "There are three key aspects to consider when beginning to think about developing a decolonizing strategy for PME. . ."
Iran's Global Terror Network Lurks Behind Its Threats of Vengeance
The Death of Critical Thinking in the Military? Here’s How to Fix It.
By Steve Ferenzi, RealClearDefense: “Traditional American military culture diametrically opposes divergent thought.” ​
For Surface Warfare Officers, It’s All About Command
By Dave Huscher & Rebecca Killinger, USNI Blog: "Over the course of a career, a surface warfare officer (SWO) must build mariner skills, hone warfighting acumen, master the complex operation of a ship’s combat and engineering systems, and is given the responsibility of leading sailors in challenging environments at sea and in port. A successful SWO career culminates in command of a U.S. Navy warship."
Restart, Reset or Renew? The Strategy against Iranian Nuclear Ambition  by Peter Schweizer 
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MARINE CORPS GOES ALL IN ON REFORM, INTERVIEW WITH NETANYAHU AND MORE ...

12/9/2020

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The Implications of a Military Figure as President of Iran
The unexpected wrath of Imran Khan 
Michael Rubin | The National Interest
Strategic insolvency
Gary J. Schmitt | American Purpose
The question in every administration and Congress is, more often than not, what has to be cut or deferred to keep the Pentagon under the top line it’s been given by the White House and the Hill.

Full Story 
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How Marines Could Fight Submarines in the Future
By Megan Eckstein, USNI News: “The Marine Corps is all in on shifting its spending, personnel and operations to support the Expeditionary Advance Base Operations concept, which would spread out smaller units of Marines across vast expanses of ocean and islands, maneuvering them around to make them tougher for an adversary to target as they conduct their missions.”
America’s Military Needs an Innovation Overhaul
By David McCormick & James Cunningham, Fast Company: “If confirmed as Secretary of Defense, Lloyd Austin would inherit a Pentagon that has lost its technological edge. But it isn’t too late to fight back, two national security experts write.” ​
 India army chief embarks on ‘historic’ trip to UAE, Saudi Arabia
(Al Jazeera) India’s army chief Manoj Mukund Naravane has embarked on an “historic” six-day visit to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia, the first such visit to the two Gulf countries by the head of the military.
China and the US are facing off in developing nations
Hal Brands | Bloomberg Opinion
Is the great stagnation over?
James Pethokoukis | The Week
Mexico’s so-called war on drugs hasn’t been all for naught
Ryan C. Berg | AEIdeas
A Conversation with Prime Minister Netanyahu
Tikvah Faculty Member Dr. Michael Doran of the Hudson Institute recently sat down for a discussion with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. They explored the dramatic improvement in Israel's relationship with the Arab world, the sources of Israeli power, and the prime minister's strategic vision. Watch Now (32 min.).
The Fight to Defend the Free World
Michael Auslin: Asia's New Geopolitics: Essays On Reshaping The Indo-Pacific
interview with Michael R. Auslin via The Institute of World Politics
Hoover Institution fellow Michael Auslin discusses transforming the Indo-Pacific and the broader world. He also explores the history of American strategy in Asia from the 18th century through today.
Jonathan Spyer on Turkey's Attempt to Silence Him  by Marilyn Stern
Middle East Forum Webinar
AI In The Grey Zone: Afghan Lessons For Great Power Conflict
Artificial intelligence developed to hunt terrorists can help track Russian and Chinese targets as well – especially amidst murky, chaotic conflicts in the “grey zone” between peace and open war.
Why We Need a New ICBM // Maj. Shane Praiswater: The arguments for keeping a nuclear triad.
Moving Beyond A2/AD
By Chris Dougherty, Center for a New American Security: “For at least a decade, A2/AD has helped focus the Department of Defense (DoD) on critical Chinese and Russian threats to U.S. military operations in East Asia and eastern Europe. Today, however, it has outlived its usefulness as a diagnosis of Chinese and Russian approaches to warfare and as a framework for guiding subsequent operational and force-planning decisions based on the challenges they pose.” ​
Get to better know China's "gray-zone" strategy for subduing Taiwan, according to a special report published this week by Reuters.
China and Pakistan Conduct Joint Air Drills.  Pakistan Air Force JF-17s are participating in joint Pakistani-Chinese exercises in southern Pakistan near India’s border, highlighting tensions between the three countries.  Nikkei Asia Times of India
Last week, the US Congress passed a bipartisan $741 billion defense bill, known as the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). Both chambers passed the NDAA with a veto-proof majority after President Donald Trump threatened to veto the legislation. The 2021 NDAA allocates $2.2 billion to create the Pacific Deterrence Initiative, a program aimed to bolster US capabilities and alliances in the Asian-Pacific region. The NDAA will also fund additional attack submarines to counter Chinese maritime forces and will finance a new director of cybersecurity position intended to make the Pentagon less dependent on Chinese technology. In speaking of the NDAA’s 43 Asia-related provisions, AEI’s Zack Cooper notes, “The 2021 NDAA contains dozens of provisions on Asia and China, including the most important piece of legislation on Asia in years: the Pacific Deterrence Initiative. But what is yet to be seen is whether the US will shift defense resources accordingly. The Pacific Deterrence Initiative’s $2.2 billion in funding is a relatively small shift within the larger defense budget and has not yet been appropriated. To keep pace with China's military modernization, the United States will need to make more fundamental changes, and do so quickly." What other changes does the US need to make to handle China's challenge? What challenges will a new director of cybersecurity face as they try to cooperate with US tech companies? ​
 And the bottom line is loud talk falling far short, over and over again. Continue here.
​US-China rivalry is turning toward Central Asia, Africa, and Central America. China’s ambitions in developing countries require a concerted response, points out Hal Brands in a Bloomberg op-ed. Enhanced US coordination with Japan, Australia, and the EU would allow leading democracies to deploy their combined resources to strengthen third world growth. The geography of great-power competition is shifting, and succeeding in the developing world will require more than good luck. Learn more here.
The Trump era exposed fundamental differences over the future of US foreign policy. In a National Review article, Colin Dueck explains the three branches of Republican foreign policy: activists, hard-liners, and noninterventionists. He predicts that the issue of China could re-create new Republican coalitions on national security matters. In the next four years, domestic and international contingencies or events will provide opportunities as yet unrecognized by each faction. For foreign policy conservatives of all kinds, the possibilities are now wide open. Read more here.
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AIR FORCE MODERNIZATION REVEALED

11/20/2020

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Four New Weapons That Will Define the Biden Defense Posture
By Loren Thompson, Forbes: “Predicting the defense priorities of a new administration, especially one that hasn’t yet taken office, is a risky business. Although Joe Biden has a long and fairly consistent track record on national security, the fallout from a global pandemic and disrupted economy may drive changes in military plans that few observers are expecting."
The power of combatant commanders continues to grow as the demand for forces exceeds supply. Demand signals from combatant commanders must be reconciled with the challenges facing each military branch under flat or declining budgets, argues Mackenzie Eaglen in a War on the Rocks op-ed. Fortunately, reform is possible. Determining proper levels of support for combatant commanders and convincing Congress of these decisions is a tall order. The Pentagon can improve these conversations by ensuring that lawmakers are adequately informed. Read more here.

The postelection shake-up at the Pentagon has raised alarms in the national security world. In an Atlantic article, Kori Schake theorizes what the administration is doing. The president is either organizing security forces to keep himself in power, planning a preemptive military strike on Iran, or placing factotums who will have authority over documents possibly linking him to Russia’s 2016 election interference, or the president has vengeful intentions. A responsible president would underscore the strength of US defense agencies during the presidential transition. But that’s not the commander in chief we have. Continue here.

There are three important things to consider before a new Congress makes any hasty decisions about national security. In a RealClearDefense op-ed, Elaine McCusker explains that Congress must examine federal spending, consider actual defense costs when examining discretionary spending, and pursue opportunities to capture lost buying power. Inclusive federal spending options that incrementally realign resources from the Department of Defense to those who hold the mission, along with aggressive and creative entitlement reform, would inform and improve choices available to elected officials. Learn more here.

In gray-zone conflicts, police don’t have the skills to bring peace, and full-scale military interventions can escalate. A force that can bring stability is needed. Gendarmerie forces, with their unique blend of policing and military expertise, may be a perfect answer to the troubles facing countries, argues Elisabeth Braw in a Foreign Policy op-ed. While not many other countries want to launch a gendarmerie, all would benefit from mastering the gendarmes’ core skill of keeping order in the gray zone, both at home and in international hot spots. Read here.
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Air Force Chief's Surprising Top Modernization Priorities
By Valerie Insinna, Defense News: “The U.S. Air Force is spending tens of billions of dollars every year to buy new aircraft, including F-35 Joint Strike Fighters, KC-46 tankers, the T-7A trainer jet and more. But none of those platforms makes the list of Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Charles Q. Brown’s top three modernization priorities."
US Urgently Needs to Challenge China's Chokehold on Rare Earth Materials
by Lawrence A. Franklin  
Russian Strategic and Hypersonic Naval Nuclear Weapons
By Mark B. Schneider, RealClearDefense: “ Russia sets its highest value on its strategic nuclear forces.” ​
Manning Still Matters: A Fleet Perspective
By Paul Kingsbury, USNI Blog: “It has now been three years since the Comprehensive Review of Surface Force Incidents was conducted to find root causes underlying ship mishaps in the Western Pacific."

The Shield of the Indo-Pacific
By William J. Bowers & Thomas D. Wood, Proceedings: “Investment in Indo-Pacific installations is a strategic imperative."

Teaching Technology, Innovation, and Modern War at Stanford, Part 6:
Cyber and Space

By Steve Blank, Modern War Institute: “The way we are going about creating safety and security online in cybersecurity and defending against cybercrime isn’t quite rational.” ​
On Obedience:
Contrasting Philosophies for the Military, Citizenry, and Community

By Jim Golby, Strategy Bridge: "On Obedience is a triumph. It deserves an enduring spot on the reading lists of senior military leaders and on the syllabi of professional military education institutions around the world."

A Gaping Hole in U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategy
By Robert A. Manning, The Hill: “Barely noticed in the U.S., China and 14 Asian nations have just signed the world’s largest trade agreement, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), representing 30 percent of the world's economy."
 Israel Defense Forces retaliate after discovering explosive devices near border 
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) struck Iranian and Syrian targets in Syria early Wednesday morning in response to explosive devices discovered a day earlier on the Israel-Syria border. IDF warplanes attacked military targets belonging to the Iranian Quds Force and Syrian army, according to a statement by the IDF. The attack damaged warehouses, command posts and military complexes and batteries of surface-to-air missiles. The attack was in response to the placement of explosive charges placed next to the border fence between Syrian and Israeli territory. The IDF said the charges were placed by a Syrian squad acting under Iran's instructions. Israel's envoy to the United Nations Gilad Erdan submitted on Tuesday a complaint to the UN Security Council demanding that it take immediate action against Hezbollah's military buildup and continued activity in southern Lebanon.
Read More  
jpost.com
Turkish-backed Arab militias are becoming a frequent presence in Armenia, Libya, and Syria. National leaders are learning that relying on Turkish-backed forces comes with serious political and diplomatic costs, notes Michael Rubin in a National Interest op-ed. Too often, states and diplomats dismiss Turkish presence as a military problem; they should not. Any government that accepts Turkey’s proxy forces on their territory should automatically lose diplomatic support, be slapped with sanctions, and even be subject to a future state sponsor of terror designation. Continue here.
Why Defense Firms Need to Get Systematic About M&A — Big and Small
By Eric Chewning & Frank Coleman III, Defense News: “After years of growth, defense budgets will likely flatten (or decline). In such a financial environment, the U.S. Department of Defense will consider trade-offs between funding modernization, sustaining legacy equipment and preserving force structure."
For Want of a Leader:
Lessons on Mission Command From McClellan’s Failures at Antietam

By Ronald Roberts, Modern War Institute: “. . .  the reality of what transpired at Antietam would have long-lasting effects on the course of the Civil War and holds lessons on the consequences of failing to implement the tenets of Mission Command on the battlefield."
China’s DF-21D and DF-26B ASBMs: Is the U.S. Military Ready?
By Andrew Erickson, 1945: “. . . the following wording in DoD’s 2020 China report leapt out at me: “The PLA has fielded approximately 200 IRBM launchers and more than 200 missiles.”
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THE A-10 GETS A FACELIFT:  TACTICAL AIR COVER FOR URBAN COMBAT

10/26/2020

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The difficult task of nuclear modernization
Mackenzie Eaglen | AEIdeas
 The A-10 Warthog is preparing for its biggest upgrade in over a decade
(The Drive) A new large-area cockpit display and additional weapons are all in the grand plans to get the A-10 ready for higher-end missions.
 The politicization of the State Department is almost complete
(Defense One) Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and his predecessor, Rex Tillerson, have weaponized the institution for the Trump administration’s domestic political objectives.
Pakistan’s case before international financial watchdog reveals more Chinese corruption
Michael Rubin | Washington Examiner
The revolution that wasn’t: Conservatives against Congress, 1981–2018  
Philip Wallach | The C. Boyden Gray Center for the Study of the Administrative State
Basic Principles for a Complex Nuclear Environment
By Jane Doe, the interpreter: "Russia’s new public nuclear strategy is the first of its kind, and it suggests some ways the Navy may need to adapt."
The Chinese Nuclear Threat
By Mark B. Schneider, RealClearDefense: “In September 2020, the Pentagon issued its annual report on the People’s Republic of China’s military capabilities. A common reaction to the report is that it presents a quite sobering picture of Chinese military capabilities. This is certainly correct. However, in one important area, the report is dangerously inadequate -- its treatment of China’s nuclear capability."

Options for the U.S. to Counter China’s Disruptive Economic Activities
By Johnathan Falcone, Divergent Options: “The PRC emerged from the 2008 financial crisis with increased capability to influence markets abroad and undermine U.S. leadership. Through new institutions, such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and new development plans, including Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China is making strides towards bifurcating the international financial system."
The Three Seas Initiative: A European Answer to China’s Belt and Road?
By David Morris, the interpreter: "A quest to modernise dilapidated infrastructure in Central Europe has quickly transformed into a geopolitical contest.”
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THE FUTURE OF CHINESE NAVAL POWER & TURKEY'S INADEQUATE DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE

10/12/2020

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Is the Future of the U.S. Navy Feasible?
By Adam Taylor, RealClearDefense: "Recent budget battles on capitol hill over this year’s shipbuilding account for the 355-ship fleet goal highlights the likely struggle the service will encounter as it shifts focus to its new 500 ship target."
An Evolutionary Approach to Problem Framing and Strategy
By Mark R. Patridge, Strategy Bridge: "At the heart of Carl von Clausewitz’s masterpiece, On War, there stands a scientific metaphor—a three-way magnetic pendulum—that defines in terms as comprehensive as possible the entire phenomenon of war, an unchanging structure within which an infinite variety of behaviors can arise."
Is Esper’s New Plan for the Navy Enough for the Indo-Pacific? by Mark Montgomery
‘Maximum Pressure Brought Down the Soviet Union’ and Other Lies We Tell Ourselves by Philip H. Gordon
Elaine McCusker explains that CRs result in lost opportunities to advance US military competitiveness, block new programs designed to tackle critical threats, stall industry initiatives, and place troops at greater risk. The use of CRs prevents us from allocating the correct resources to counter the national security challenges before us. Learn more here.
National security topics in the 2020 election
Mackenzie Eaglen | "Defense 2020"
 End the Pentagon’s OCO slush fund
(Defense News) After 19 years of conflict in Afghanistan, the notion that funding for war fighting cannot be planned for in the regular budget is laughable.
Last week, NATO’s secretary-general, Jens Stoltenberg, noted, “Our militaries cannot be strong if our societies are weak, so our first line of defense must be strong societies.” NATO has realized that national security threats come in many guises. The realization is to be saluted, notes Elisabeth Braw in a Defense One op-ed. In today’s security environment, non-kinetic threats pose as grave a danger as kinetic ones do. If NATO is going to be successful, its military capabilities must be backed by societal resilience in the member states. Without societal resilience, military excellence is useless. Continue here.
Ahead of the release of Phil Klay’s novel “Missionaries,” Kori Schake took to Bloomberg Opinion to discuss the key themes of the book with Klay. The two conversed over the globalization of violence, the roles performative violence plays in societies fighting insurgencies, and veteran sentiments when returning home from war. Read the interview here.
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The Future of Chinese Power 
​// Michael Schuman: The policies and practices of the country's dynasties offer insights into how modern Chinese leaders may wield their strength.
After Almost Two Decades of America’s Longest War: 
How Can Peace Finally Come to Afghanistan?

By Haroon Azar, RealClearDefense: "It is no wonder that so many Americans want to see the last of our troops come home."
Turkey's Much-Hyped Defense Industry Far from Self-Sufficient  by Burak Bekdil
Defense News
October 13, 2020

https://www.meforum.org/61651/turkeys-defense-industry-far-from-independent
Competitors, Adversaries, or Enemies? Unpacking the Sino-American Relationship by Paul Poast
Firms Picked to Make Orbiting Sensors for Next-Gen US Missile-Defense System 
​// Brandi Vincent: The sensors and satellites will be part of the Tracking Layer component of the next-gen missile-defense system.
Joint All-Domain Command and Control 
initiative to link most everything on the battlefield. "The services had each been developing proprietary systems in the hopes that their standard would prevail across the entire US military," FlightGlobal writes. Now the pressure is on the Navy and Marines, "which have been less public about their plans to develop a JADC2 network, but have outlined their thinking through ideas such as the Distributed Maritime Operations concept and the Expeditionary Advanced Base Operations concept."

​The new Army-Air Force effort will be called 
CJADC2, prepending "Combined" to the Pentagon's own already unwieldy acronym. Read on, here.
WAR ON THE ROCKS:  MILITARY PENSION REFORMS
An Alternative Conceptual Framework for the Marine Corps’ Doctrine on Learning
By Shawn McCann & Damien O’Connell, Proceedings: “We offer a three-lens conceptual framework consisting of warfighting, the teacher-scholar relationship, and critical or radical adult education and training. Radical adult training and education refers to our capacity for action (training) and a learner-centered manner of facilitating the development of autonomous critical thinkers (education).”

The Question at the Center of Army Readiness:
Ready for What?

By Jane Doe, Eurasia Daily Monitor: “As the lead Army officer for operations, I often get asked a range of questions about readiness. How should we measure readiness? Which units does the Army most need to be ready? How ready do they need to be? Or simply, what is Army readiness?"
To Fix U.S. Foreign Policy, Look to the Balance of Power
By Luke Nicastro, RealClearDefense: “During the vice-presidential debate on October 7th, the 2020 campaign saw its first (and possibly only) direct exchange on foreign policy."
Israel is becoming a strategic liability to the United States. In a National Interest op-ed, Michael Rubin explains that America can no longer ignore Israeli support for China, Russia, and now Azerbaijan and Turkey. Israel certainly remains an important US ally. However, if Jerusalem continues down the path of being a liability to the United States, it should be treated as such. Continue here.

President Trump has requested to withdraw US troops from Somalia. In an AEIdeas blog, Katherine Zimmerman and Emily Estelle argue that pulling out of Somalia now would harm America’s future security. A strengthened al Shabaab will overwhelm the remaining local security forces, possibly collapse the weak Somali government, and imperil regional security. Rather than bringing troops home from Somalia prematurely, President Trump should shift the US approach to one that can defeat al Shabaab. Learn more here.
Last week China released footage of “real combat” it conducted in September in Taiwanese airspace. A Chinese invasion would present the greatest threat to global peace in a generation, argues Paul Wolfowitz in a Wall Street Journal op-ed. However, the best way to prevent war is to threaten war. Continued ambiguity in the face of Xi Jinping’s escalating rhetoric and provocations by his armed forces presents greater risk of a confrontation as dangerous as the Cuban Missile Crisis. That leaves us with the credible threat of military force as the best hope of avoiding war.
Companies with a strong defense portfolio continue to thrive in 2020 despite the pandemic. Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman, which reported 3rd-quarter earnings this week, increased their projected revenue totals for the year. 

Lockheed's projected sales rose to about $65.25 billion, up from its July estimate of $63.5 billion to $65 billion. Northrop now expects 2020 sales of $35.7 billion to $36 billion, up from $35.3 billion to $35.6 billion in July. If Lockheed hits its new estimate, its sales would be up 9 percent over last year. If Northrop does, sales would be up between 5.5 percent and 6.4 percent.

And more increases are expected. "The corporation expects its 2021 net sales to increase to greater than or equal to $67 billion," Lockheed said. 

Northrop projects its 2021 sales will be in the "low-to-mid $37 billion range," according to CFO Dave Keffer. That's even as the company predicts COVID-19 will continue to depress its commercial programs.
​
Why it matters: Lockheed and Northrop have mostly defense portfolios, as opposed to fellow giants Boeing and Raytheon Technologies, which have large commercial aerospace businesses. The companies continued ability to hit revenue targets even as they modify work schedules and protect their employees from the coronavirus demonstrates how defense projects have been largely insulated from the pandemic woes that have devastated over industries.
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U.S. DEFENSE INNOVATION ISN'T HAPPENING, HERE'S WHY

9/27/2020

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THE LORD'S REFORMS
Battle Force 2045, the plan seeks "eight to 11" nuclear carriers — today's fleet has 11 — and possibly more of the conventionally powered smaller carriers called amphibious assault ships. He also wants an attack submarine force of 70 to 80 boats, up from today's roughly 55. Read on, here.
Esper's Reforms: An Interim Report Card 
​// Mackenzie Eaglen: What progress has the defense secretary made on his ambitious goals to reorient the Defense Department?
Mackenzie Eaglen writes: Secretary Esper stayed committed to his ten targeted goals—each with subtasks—under these three broad objectives to begin achieving “irreversible implementation” of the National Defense Strategy. He has made laudable progress — while leaving plenty of work for next year. – Defense One
Global Business Brief 
​// Marcus Weisgerber: 500-ship Navy?; Lord's reforms; Interior's drone fleet; and more..
Israel Should Reject Syrian Peace Overtures  by Jonathan Spyer
The Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security
October 2, 2020

https://www.meforum.org/61610/israel-should-keep-syria-weak
Revolutionary violence is always an indictment of a political system’s democratic legitimacy. 
Read More »
Is America Tumbling Toward 1917 Russia?
Horns of a Dilemma Podcast -- Military Pensions: Politics, Policy, and Reform 
with Brandon Archuleta and Jim Golby 
How China Outsmarted the Trump Administration // Anne Applebaum, The Atlantic: While the U.S. is distracted, China is rewriting the rules of the global order.
​
Keep an Eye on Taiwan // Michael Schuman, The Atlantic: The battle over the island may be a Cold War relic, but it will shape the future.
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Defense Innovation Is Falling Short by Christopher Zember and Peter Khooshabeh
The path to Sophie’s choice
Giselle Donnelly and Gary J. Schmitt | RealClearDefense
Kill ’Em All? Denial Strategies, Defense Planning, and Deterrence Failure by Evan Montgomery
INDIA:
India Scraps Investment Rule for Foreign Weapons Suppliers

By Sudhi Ranjan Sen, Bloomberg: “India scrapped a rule that forced foreign suppliers of weapons, aircraft or military hardware to invest in the South Asian nation, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi seeks to accelerate defense purchases and reduce red tape.”
CHINA:
003 and More: An Update on China’s Aircraft Carriers

By Rick Joe, The Diplomat: “As another year passes, additional developments in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) carrier program continue to be sighted and confirmed, in spite of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.”
What if Middle Eastern States Worked Together?
By Gary Schmitt, RealClearDefense: “A future with multiple states in the Middle East pointing nukes at one another seems more likely than ever before, but the Israel-UAE deal illuminates a solution.” ​
The Façade of Chinese Foreign Policy Coherence
By Ian J. Lynch, Strategy Bridge: "The spectre of great power competition with a rising China has prompted a sprawling debate in the United States. For decades, American engagement with China sought to make Beijing a “responsible stakeholder” in the U.S.-led international order."

China Expands Its Economic and Political Influence in Northern Iraq
By Yasin Yildirim, The Strategist (ASPI): “Autonomous Kurdistan is a federal administrative unit of Iraq in the northern part of the country and is controlled by the Kurdistan Regional Government. It hosts foreign investors from many countries and entities, including the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Australia and Turkey. The region is also an attraction point for the People’s Republic of China and Chinese state-owned and -controlled companies."
Report: Russia's Military Strength Highest Since Soviet Days
That's according to a new International Institute for Strategic Studies report. "Russia's nuclear weaponry and the Russian Aerospace Forces have ...  benefited most from a near-decade long increase in investment," the repor
t states.
Defense Acquisition Reimagined
By Bryan Smith, RealClearDefense: “Try to imagine a blue-ribbon panel of technologists, policy experts, military officers, and business executives being asked to devise, from scratch, a resilient system for delivering to DoD what it needs, when it needs it, at the best value to the taxpayer.” 

Mine Warfare Needs a New Concept of Operations
By Ridge H. Alkonis, Proceedings: “Mine hunting, finding, and sweeping are not marginal operations. The assets peforming these missions must undertake careful thought and preparation, as “countering mines cannot be made easy, cheap, or convenient.” With the current mine countermeasures (MCM) force limited in personnel, material, and money, the Navy needs a new concept of operations that relies more on automated unmanned systems."
Budget Cuts and Politics Will Crimp U.S. China Strategy
By Jacob Parakilas, The Diplomat: “Even though China is a rare point of convergence for both parties, partisan politics and COVID-19 induced cuts will affect the U.S. military’s ability to hold the fort in Asia-Pacific come January."

China Military Watch
By Malcolm Davis & Charlie Lyons Jones, The Strategist (ASPI): “Ballistic missiles on Chinese merchant vessels? . . ."
Russia's Military Modernisation: An Assessment
Erdogan's Plan to Take Over the Palestinian Authority  by Khaled Abu Toameh 
U.S., ASIA:
The End of U.S. Primacy in Asia

By Adam Mattison, USNI Blog: “As the Navy continues its push toward a 355-ship fleet, the perennial issue of manning that fleet is more important now than at any point since the end of the Cold War."
SOUTH CAUCUSUS:
The Key to Armenia's Tank Losses: The Sensors

By Jack Watling, RUSI: “Despite the heavy Armenian armoured losses, the key lessons from the videos Azerbaijan has published online are not about armour. Rather, they reflect how the density of sensors on the modern battlefield is changing the balance in combined arms warfare."
What Happens When China Leads the World
By Michael Schuman, The Atlantic: “What kind of superpower will China be? That’s the question of the 21st century. According to American leaders such as Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, China will be a rapacious authoritarian nightmare, intent on destroying democracy itself. Beijing, needless to say, doesn’t quite agree."
RUSSIAN MILITARY MODERNIZATION
​
Russia's Military Modernisation: An Assessment
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REFORM FOR GREAT POWER COMPETITION BEGINS & RUSSIA ESCALATES OVER THE BLACK SEA

8/28/2020

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Force Multiplier:  U.S. Fleet Of Air-Capable Amphibious Warfare Ships
By Dan Gouré, RealClearDefense: “The Navy and Marine Corps are proposing radical changes to their force structures in line with new concepts for maritime and expeditionary operations."
Continuing Resolutions Hurt National Security and Imperil Our Future
By Elaine McCusker, The Hill: “Congress should no longer accept passing stop-gap funding measures, which hold hostage the nation’s security and federal responsibilities, as good enough."
Afghanistan’s Policing Failure and the Uncertain Way Forward
By Karl Nicolas Lindenlaub, Strategy Bridge: "Of the many shortcomings of American strategy in Afghanistan, the trials and tribulations of Afghan police development represent a crucial, but often overlooked, piece of the narrative."
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7 important updates in the Department of Defense’s 2020 China Military Power Report
Zack Cooper | AEIdeas
The 2020 China Military Power Report provides a unique perspective on how China’s military has changed in the 21st century.
As the House and Senate prepare to conference on the fiscal 2021 National Defense Authorization Act, the conservative Heritage Foundation has put together more than 30 recommendations for lawakers, including:
  • Cancel the Boeing F-15EX fighter program and instead buy more Lockheed Martin-made F-35 Joint Strike Fighters (read Heritage’s argument, here).
  • “Support additional ship purchases to ensure meeting the 2034 target of a 355-ship Navy.” 
  • Don’t ban nuclear testing.
  • Support the Indo-Pacific Deterrence Initiative, “Maintain the prohibition on withdrawal of U.S. forces from the Korean Peninsula; Demonstrate support for Taiwan; Block funding for the removal of U.S. troops from Europe; Keep up the pressure through sanctions.
Evolution of the Fleet:
A Closer Look at the Chinese Fishing Vessels off the Galapagos

By Tabitha Mallory & Ian Ralby, CIMSEC: “Using data and insight from Windward, a predictive maritime intelligence platform, our analysis examines how this fishing phenomenon has evolved over time and who is behind this increasingly intensive fishing effort."
Boeing was not happy about Heritage's recommendation to scrap the F-15EX. “It’s unfortunate that the Heritage Foundation has again misinterpreted the U. S. Air Force’s requirement for the F-15EX and the facts about that aircraft and the F-35,” Jeff Shockey, vice president of global sales and marketing for Boeing Defense, Space & Security, said in an emailed statement.  “What’s more, the Air Force will save approximately $3 billion by transitioning F-15C/D units to the F-15EX instead of the F-35…. The fact is that the Air Force needs both aircraft to meet operational and fiscal requirements.”
Chinese provocations, the Republican National Convention, and the secretary of defense in Asia  
Mackenzie Eaglen | "Defense & Aerospace Report"
China Is Ahead in Ship, Missile & Air Defense Tech: DoD Report
“The report does not claim that China’s military is currently 10 feet tall,” but “Beijing is working to overcome [its faults],” says Deputy Assistant Secretary for China, Chad Sbragia
China's growing military: The Pentagon's latest annual assessment of Chinese military power says the country is set to double its nuclear stockpile over the next decade, operates the world's largest Navy, is surging its space capabilities, and embedding artificial intelligence across everything that it does. Defense One's Patrick Tucker examines several key trends highlighted in the 2020 China Military Power report: expanding naval power, the movement toward a more integrated joint force, and an embrace of AI and other emerging information technologies.
"Over the Black Sea, Moscow Escalates Its Military Provocations," Bradley Bowman and Maj. Shane “Axl” Praiswater, FDD Policy Brief
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PENTAGON TRENDS IN WAR FIGHTING

8/24/2020

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Strategic Vacuum by Seth Cropsey
INDIA:
Indian Air Modernization Takes a Significant Step Forward

By Pierre Tran, SLD.info: “Five Rafales took off July 27 from Mérignac, southwest France, with Indian air force pilots starting a 7,000 km flight to India, with a further five units  staying in France for pilot training, the Indian embassy said in a statement."
Mirroring Vietnam’s Failures in Afghanistan: DoD’s Descent Into War Fatigue
By Chandler Myers, War Room: "The long road to the trilateral U.S.-Afghanistan-Taliban memorandum of agreement was wearisome on all fronts."

Five Eyes: Blurring the Lines Between Intelligence and Policy
By Ben Scott, the interpreter: “Intelligence sharing is one thing. Aligning policy with the same brand risks making too exclusive a grouping."
U.S., MIDDLE EAST:
5th Fleet: China Laying Groundwork in Middle East to Pose Future Threats

By Megan Eckstein, USNI News: “The head of naval forces in the Middle East said Chinese actions in the region don’t pose a threat today but could lead to challenges down the road, with China laying the groundwork to gain economic and military leverage over countries in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula."
America’s New Quest for Adequate Nuclear Deterrence
By Patty-Jane Geller, The National Interest: “Being able to conduct a nuclear test is not the same as performing one.”

Reconsidering U.S. Preparedness for Protracted Conventional War
By Patrick Savage, Modern War Institute: "After two decades of focusing on counterinsurgency and counterterrorism, the U.S. Department of Defense has worked to reorient toward the possibility of conflict with a near-peer competitor. While the department has progressed in this area, one sub-set of preparation has been largely ignored . . ."
In Defense of ‘WMD’: A War of Words and the Challenge of Swarms
By Zachary Kallenborn, War on the Rocks: "While the term has clear flaws, it is still relevant. Getting the terminology right has real-world consequences: the applicability of the term to drone swarms and other future weapon systems has direct consequences for weapons deployment, weapons acquisition, decisions on the use of force, strategic planning, and the character of future battlefields."
China Refuses to Quit on the Philippines
By Derek Grossman, The Diplomat: "China may have missed a golden opportunity to see the VFA end, but Beijing is still determined to exploit gaps between the U.S. and its ally."
U.S., MENA:
Trump, Sisi Address Nile Dam Dispute and Libya War

By Bryant Harris, Al-Monitor: “President Donald Trump and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi discussed by phone today the Libyan conflict and the Nile dam dispute with Ethiopia.”
COVID-19 and the Costs of Military Primacy
By Stephen Wertheim, RealClearDefense: “Before the pandemic, more and more Americans concluded that their country’s foreign policy was failing them."
How to Stop China Completing Its Takeover of the South China Sea
By Jeff Becker, The Strategist (ASPI): “China appears to be accelerating its campaign to control the South China Sea and the Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea."

Four Transformational Steps the U.S. Army Should Take to Get Serious About Urban Operations
By John Spencer, Modern War Institute: "Conflict, instability, and political unrest are all more urban than ever before. Despite clear trends in the increasingly urban character of warfare, the US Army has not made any major changes to prepare for urban operations around the world."

JAPAN
With 30 Submarines, Japan Will Shape the Pacific’s Undersea Defenses

By Craig Hooper, Forbes: “ While America’s nuclear submarine fleet is incomparable, the United States is not the only nation with advanced undersea warfare capabilities."

Rebuild Confidence in Navy’s 7th Fleet
From The Post and Courier: "The fire that gutted a front-line Navy ship in San Diego last week will leave the military with fewer options for deploying vertical-landing F-35Bs in the Pacific region and weaken the United States’ ability to maintain navigational freedom in the disputed South China Sea."

The U.S. Is Out of Position in the Indo-Pacific Region
By Nathan Freier, John Schaus, Al Lord, Alison Goldsmith & Elizabeth Martin, Defense One: "A truly joint approach is needed, and the Army has several particular roles to play."

Fire in the Caucasus: Can It Be Extinguished?
By Stephen Blank, RealClearDefense: “On July 12, fighting broke out again in Nagorno-Karabakh.  This war between Armenia and Azerbaijan remains unresolved.  Thus, fighting periodically breaks out, causing loss of lives and property and inflaming the ever-tense political situation in the Caucasus.”

Verification After the New START Treaty:  Back to the Future
By Bryan Smith, National Institute for Public Policy: “The President has appointed Ambassador Marshall Billingslea to serve as Special Envoy for Arms Control to engage with the Russians on both New START and the future of nuclear arms control.  The President has stated that China’s nuclear forces should be included in future arms control agreements, and Russian Deputy Prime Minister Ryabkov has made an earlier statement to the same effect. President Trump has also directed that nuclear weapons that are now unconstrained by New START, the so-called tactical nuclear weapons, also be included in a future agreement.” 

Naval Power Is the Ultimate Strategic Enabler in Our Competition With China
By Seth Cropsey & Harry Halem, National Review: “Sea power gives the U.S. the necessary strategic flexibility to counter China in an uncertain environment."

U.S., AFGHANISTAN:
U.S. Has Withdrawn From 5 Bases in Afghanistan After Taliban Agreement

By Justin Wise, The Hill: "The Defense Department announced Tuesday that U.S. troops have withdrawn from five military bases and reduced the size of its forces in Afghanistan as part of the agreement reached with Taliban in February."

LIBYA:
Is Proxy War Turning to Conventional Confrontation in Libya?

By Metin Gurcan, Al-Monitor: “Albeit late, Turkey seems to have finally understood the importance of diplomacy in Libya."

Civilian Control of the Military Is a Partisan Issue
By Ronald R. Krebs & Robert Ralston, Foreign Affairs: “But until very recently, the president’s regular breaches of civil-military norms have seemed to make little impression on the American public. Our research on public opinion helps explain why that is: many Americans don’t endorse important aspects of these norms, and their views on civil-military relations, like so much else in this polarized age, are heavily driven by party affiliation."

The Top 5 REALLY Important NDAA Policies
By Mackenzie Eaglen, Breaking Defense: “Much of the public debate about this year’s National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) has focused on the renaming of U.S. military installations named for Confederates, banning the flying of the confederate flag, revision of the Insurrection Act, and preventing the use of defense dollars to build President Trump’s border wall."

Unpacking the Urban Fight: Introducing the Twelve Challenges
By Charles Knight, Grounded Curiosity: “As explained in the 2008 Future Land Operating Concept ambiguity and uncertainty have compounded since then as technology, population and social factors drive a shift that the Chief of Army describes as ‘Accelerated Warfare.'"

War Books: A Primer on Nuclear Weapons
By Matt Powers, Modern War Institute: "Despite the importance of having Army officers proficient in nuclear weapons planning, the service’s nuclear competency is mostly siloed within the ranks of the nuclear and counterproliferation functional area, with professional military education in nuclear matters largely nonexistent beyond select courses."

Assessing African Strategic Needs to Counter Undue Chinese Influence
By Damimola Olawuyi, Divergent Options: " As China expands its international footprint, it has deliberately increased its African ties."

Has China's Rise Peaked?
By Merrick “Mac” Carey, The National Interest: “Even though the Western mainstream view is that China is a military and economic dynamo that is quickly leaving America behind, the world may be turning against the Middle Kingdom, and Chinese leadership may be turning to a harsh brand of nationalism as a result. Its recent border clash with India in the high Himalayas and crackdown on free Hong Kong are the most recent manifestations of this."
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DEFENSE TRENDS LATE 2020

8/24/2020

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It’s Time to Take an Alliance-Based Approach to Securing Rare-Earths Supplies
By Genevieve Feely & Rhys De Wilde, The Strategist (ASPI): "China has dominated the world’s supply of rare-earth elements for decades. Over the past year, however, there has been a growing recognition among the U.S. and its allies (including Australia, South Korea, Japan and India) that sources of critical minerals outside of China need to be secured and that solutions need to be driven by governments rather than market forces, particularly since demand for these materials will skyrocket in the near future."

Can the U.S. Save Its Sealift Fleet?
By Alec Blivas, The Diplomat: "The U.S. sealift fleet is rapidly becoming obsolete, and both the Army and Navy have warned Congress that U.S. sealift capacity is in danger of collapsing."

Naval Warfare 2010–2020: A Comparative Analysis
By Jimmy Drennan, CIMSEC: “An analysis of warfighting trends over a decade could be performed by considering the major crises, conflicts, and tensions that took place, or by tracking the evolving force structure and operating concepts of global competitors."
The Hypersonic Hype and Russia’s Diminished Nuclear Threshold
By Pavel Felgenhauer, Eurasia Daily Monitor: "President Vladimir Putin used the July 26, 2020, Navy Day and the Main Navy Parade in St. Petersburg to once again promote Russia’s “superweapons,” which will ostensibly give the Russian Military-Maritime Fleet (Voyenno-Morskoy Flot—VMF) “a unique advantage” over its Western counterparts. According to Putin, “The deployment of advanced technologies that have no equals in the world, including hypersonic strike systems and underwater drones, will increase naval combat capabilities.”"

The U.S. Military Has Options Against China
By James Holmes, The Hill: “Sen. Cory Gardner (R-Colo.) is worried — worried about the U.S. Navy’s prospects during a war against Communist China in the Western Pacific. Last week, Sen. Gardner, who chairs the Senate Subcommittee on East Asia, the Pacific, and International Cybersecurity Policy, told the Washington Examiner that Chinese ballistic missiles could compel “all of our planning, all of our equipment, all of our systems” to “basically vacate” the region at outset of fighting. Both large bases and ships riding the waves, he noted, are vulnerable to missile attack."
Assessing the Dependency of U.S. Below Threshold Competition on Department of State Modernization
By Matthew F. Smith, Divergent Options: “U.S. policymakers are deciding how to compete with the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and counteract their objectives. Given fiscal realities, the opportunity exists to rebalance current militaristic policy tendencies and force institutional reforms."
Raytheon and Rafael to Build Iron Dome in U.S.
By Jen Judson, Defense News: “Raytheon and Israeli-based Rafael Advanced Defense Systems have formed a joint venture to build the Iron Dome missile defense system in the United States, the companies announced August 3.”
China’s Rise Is Macarthur’s Vindication
By Francis P. Sempa, RealClearDefense: “In the midst of President Harry Truman’s controversial firing of General Douglas MacArthur during the Korean War, Air Force General George Kenny, who brilliantly led MacArthur’s air force in the Southwest Pacific in World War II, wrote that when the histories of the Korean War are written, they will "add still more to the luster of MacArthur's reputation as a military leader.""
Distilling the Essence of Strategy
By Frank Hoffman, War on the Rocks: "I am certain of one thing: Colin Gray would be exasperated with claims that “Grand strategy is dead.” What he would have called a “banality” is commonplace these days."
It’s Time for a Third Special Operations Revolution
By David Maxwell, Military Times: “The Senate Armed Service Committee report on the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) expresses the committee’s persistent concern with U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF) and the need for stronger civilian oversight."

Sending Special Operations Forces into the Great-Power Competition
By Tim Nichols, Small Wars Journal: “What caused the strategic defeat of U.S. efforts in Syria? Was it the U.S. special operations forces overseeing the military effort? Certainly not."
War Books: Close Combat Lethality
By T.S. Allen, Modern War Institute: "One of the best noncommissioned officers I know was recently selected to join the Close Combat Lethality Task Force, an organization established by former Secretary of Defense James Mattis in 2018 to “improve the combat, lethality, survivability, resiliency and readiness of U.S. infantry squads.” No infantry squad ever won a skirmish by reading a book, but books certainly are handy when you’re trying to figure out how to improve institutions."
U.S., CHINA:
Chinese Nuclear Advancements Stoke Pentagon Fears of New 'Peer' Threat

By Yasmin Tadjdeh, National Defense Magazine: ““China is on a trajectory to be a strategic peer to us by the end of the decade,” said Adm. Charles Richard. “For the first time ever, the U.S. is going to face two peer capable nuclear competitors … who you have to deter differently," he said referring to China and Russia. "We have never faced that situation before.""
New Focus on China Fight Could Rob Marine Corps of Versatility
By Mallory Shelbourne, USNI News: "As the Marines reshape their force to take on the Chinese in the Western Pacific, some experts worry the new emphasis could leave the Marines fewer tools to operate in other parts of the world and fight different types of adversaries."
Guam’s Air Defense Should Learn Lessons From Japan’s Aegis Ashore
By Timothy A. Walton & Bryan Clark, Defense News: "The head of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command said last week his top priority is establishing an Aegis Ashore system on Guam by 2026. New air defenses will help protect U.S. citizens and forces in Guam; but as Japan’s government found, Aegis Ashore may not be the best option to protect military and civilian targets from growing and improving Chinese and North Korean missile threats."
America Can Protect Its Satellites Without Kinetic Space Weapons
By Aaron Bateman, War on the Rocks: “In 1978, Adm. Stansfield Turner, then the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, said that the “Russians can kill us in space.” Turner was referring to the Soviet Union’s kinetic anti-satellite weapons program."
Can China's Military Win the Tech War?
By Anja Manuel & Kathleen Hicks, Foreign Affairs: “Washington does need a strategy to strengthen its national security technology and industrial base, but it should be one that is centered on collaborative disruption that generates the right incentives for innovators, scientists, engineers, venture capitalists, and others."
Marines to Test Exoskeleton Suit That Can Do the Work of up to 10 Troops
By Gina Harkins, Military.com: "The Marine Corps is moving ahead with plans to test a wearable robotic exoskeleton that conjures up images of that power-loader suit Ellen Ripley wore to take down a space monster in the movie "Aliens.""
IRAN:
Iran Launches Underground Ballistic Missiles During Exercise

By Amir Vahdat & Jon Gambrell, The National Interest: “The world is steadily confronting the prospect of full-fledged Chinese domination in the world’s most important waterway, the South China Sea.”
Insurgency in the North Caucasus: Lessons of the First Chechen War
By Elina Driscoll, Small Wars Journal: "When Russian troops entered the rebellious Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in December 1994, the Yeltsin regime was confident that the Russo-Chechen conflict would end with Russia’s quick victory and territorial restoration of the Russian Federation. However, the war, which later became known as the First Chechen War, lasted for nearly two years, ended with the victory of Chechen militants, and led to the deaths of roughly 50,000 Chechens and about 6,000 Russian soldiers."

Oh God, Not the Peloponnesian War Again
By James Palmer, Foreign Policy: “Even when strategists move beyond Athens, they're still writing about Europe. In all the takes on the U.S.-China relationship, the history of Chinese warfare itself—and the vast span of Asian conflict, warfare, and political contention over the last 3,000 years—goes virtually unmentioned.” 

Deglobalization and International Security
By Sarah Tenney, Strategy Bridge: "At the beginning of the last century, Theodore Roosevelt led the United States to great power status, leveled the playing field between business and labor, and called for the conservation of natural resources. He noted: "The one characteristic more essential than any other is foresight... It should be the growing nation with a future which takes the long look ahead.""
How China Was “Lost”:
Tracing a Problematic Discussion from the 1940s to the Present

By Ali Wyne, Modern War Institute: “Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949. Coming just a month after the Soviet Union had tested an atomic bomb—roughly four years before the Central Intelligence Agency had forecast that Moscow would have the ability to produce one—that outcome seemed to reinforce that the supposed hegemony Washington had inherited with the conclusion of World War II was dubious, if not illusory."
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